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At a glance
SS-31, related to elamipretide, is studied for how mitochondria make usable energy. It interacts with a membrane component called cardiolipin and may help keep that membrane organized under stress. Studies measure effects in specific tissues and conditions.
Mitochondria make much of the energy a cell can use, and their inner membrane helps that process run efficiently. SS-31 is studied for how it interacts with a membrane fat called cardiolipin and whether this keeps energy-making machinery organized under stress. Researchers then measure function in specific tissues and diseases. An effect in one mitochondrial condition does not establish a general energy boost for everyone.
Potential benefits & side effects
Interpret each outcome in the context of the study population, formulation and evidence type. Research findings do not establish a personal treatment outcome.
Potential benefits & research findings
The source includes preclinical and condition-specific human research. Findings in one mitochondrial disorder do not establish broad benefits for healthy users.[1][2][7]
Read the original publications to see the measured endpoints, comparator, duration and uncertainty. Mechanistic plausibility and a favorable experimental result are different from demonstrated clinical benefit.
Side effects & evidence limitations
Interpret the reported adverse effects together with the study population, route and observation period. Small or short studies can miss uncommon and delayed harms. Evidence from a related compound does not establish the safety of SS-31.
A comprehensive adverse-effect profile is not established by the source record. Consult the cited studies for what was measured and what remains uncertain.
Sources are available for independent reading. Individual claims and research schedules have not yet undergone an independent clinical review by Pep Science.
- Editorial responsibility
- Pep Science editorial desk
- Last independent review
- Not yet recorded
SPECIFICATIONS & SOURCE SCHEDULES
Explore a vial size
Select the exact formulation. Vial content, target dose and prepared concentration are different measurements.
Showing 10 mg · 2 source tables
Standard / Gradual Approach (1 mL = 10 mg/mL)
| Week | Daily Dose (mg) | Units (per injection) (mL) |
|---|---|---|
| Weeks 1–2 | 5 mg (5000 mcg) | 50 units (0.50 mL) |
| Weeks 3–8 | 10 mg (10,000 mcg) | 100 units (1.0 mL) |
Frequency: Inject once daily subcutaneously at a consistent time. This concentrated dilution (1.0 mL per 10 mg vial) keeps standard doses within a single insulin syringe for convenience and accuracy.
Advanced / Aggressive Approach (1 mL = 10 mg/mL)
| Week | Daily Dose (mg) | Units (per injection) (mL) |
|---|---|---|
| Weeks 1–2 | 5 mg (5000 mcg) | 50 units (0.50 mL) |
| Weeks 3–4 | 10 mg (10,000 mcg) | 100 units (1.0 mL) |
| Weeks 5–8 | 15 mg (15,000 mcg) | Split: 2 × 75 units (0.75 mL each) |
| Optional Weeks 9–12 | 20 mg (20,000 mcg) | Split: 2 × 100 units (1.0 mL each) |
Note: Advanced dosing (15–20 mg/day) is based on short‑term clinical trial protocols[4][5] for severe mitochondrial conditions and should only be pursued under medical supervision. Doses above 10 mg require splitting into two separate subcutaneous injections at different sites. Clinical trials have not extensively evaluated SS‑31 beyond 12 weeks; extended use requires careful monitoring. Important: This guide is for educational purposes only and is not medical advice. For research use only. Not for human consumption.
Additional schedule context & duration
Concise summary of the once‑daily subcutaneous regimen.
- Goal: Support mitochondrial function, enhance ATP production, and reduce oxidative stress in tissues with high metabolic demand[1][2].
- Schedule: Daily subcutaneous injections for 8–12 weeks (clinical trials typically 4–12 weeks).
- Dose Range: 5–10 mg daily (standard); 15–20 mg daily (advanced, under supervision).
- Reconstitution: 1.0 mL per 10 mg vial (10 mg/mL) for convenient single‑syringe administration.
- Storage: Lyophilized frozen at −20 °C (−4 °F); reconstituted refrigerated at 2–8 °C (35.6–46.4 °F); use within 4 weeks.
Suggested daily titration approach based on clinical trial protocols[4][5].
- Start: 5 mg daily for Weeks 1–2 to assess individual tolerance.
- Standard Target: 10 mg daily by Week 3 (most common clinical trial dose).
- Advanced Target: 15–20 mg daily for Weeks 5+ (only for severe conditions under medical oversight).
- Frequency: Once per day (subcutaneous injection); maintain consistent timing.
- Cycle Length: 8–12 weeks; limited data exists beyond 12 weeks.
- Timing: Any consistent time; rotate injection sites to prevent tissue irritation.
Read this protocol on Pep Science → · View cited documents ↓
Preparation
Reconstitution Steps
- Draw 1.0 mL bacteriostatic water with a sterile syringe.
- Inject slowly down the vial wall; avoid vigorous shaking to prevent foaming.
- Gently swirl/roll until fully dissolved (clear solution).
- Label with reconstitution date and refrigerate at 2–8 °C (35.6–46.4 °F), protected from light; use within 4 weeks.
Storage Instructions
Proper storage preserves peptide stability and potency.
- Lyophilized: Store at −20 °C (−4 °F) in original sealed vial; keep dry and protected from light. Stable for months when frozen.
- Reconstituted: Refrigerate at 2–8 °C (35.6–46.4 °F) immediately after mixing; use within 4 weeks for optimal stability.
- Avoid freeze–thaw: Do not refreeze reconstituted solution; prepare aliquots if needed to minimize temperature fluctuations.
- Allow refrigerated vials to reach room temperature before opening to reduce condensation inside the vial.
Injection Technique
General subcutaneous injection guidance from clinical best‑practice resources[10][11].
- Site Preparation: Clean the vial stopper and injection site with alcohol swabs; allow to air‑dry completely (30–60 seconds) before proceeding[12].
- Drawing the Dose: Use a new sterile insulin syringe for each injection; draw the prescribed volume from the refrigerated vial; remove any visible air bubbles by gently tapping the syringe.
- Injection Angle: Pinch a fold of skin (approximately 1–2 inches); insert the needle at 45–90° depending on subcutaneous tissue thickness (90° for most adults; 45° if very lean)[10][11].
- Administration: Do not aspirate for subcutaneous injections[10]; inject slowly and steadily over 3–5 seconds; wait 5–10 seconds before withdrawing the needle to minimize leakage.
- Site Rotation: Rotate systematically between injection sites (abdomen at least 2 inches from navel, outer thighs, upper arms, upper buttocks) to prevent lipohypertrophy and local irritation[13].
- Post‑Injection: Apply gentle pressure with a clean alcohol swab or cotton ball for a few seconds; do not massage the site vigorously. A small bandage may be applied if needed.
- Disposal: Immediately place used syringes in a designated sharps container; never recap needles or dispose of them in regular trash.
Materials & quantity planning
Source materials checklist · 10 mg
Plan based on an 8–12 week daily protocol with gradual titration.
-
Peptide Vials (SS‑31, 10 mg each):
- 8 weeks (Standard: 5–10 mg/day) ≈ 50 vials
- 12 weeks (Standard maintenance at 10 mg/day) ≈ 77 vials
- 12 weeks (Advanced: escalating to 15 mg/day) ≈ 105 vials
-
Insulin Syringes (U‑100, 1 mL capacity):
- Per week (standard dosing): 7 syringes (1/day)
- 8 weeks: 56 syringes
- 12 weeks: 84 syringes
- Advanced protocols with split injections may require 2 syringes per day for higher doses
-
Bacteriostatic Water (30 mL bottles): Use 1.0 mL per vial for reconstitution.
- 8 weeks (50 vials): 50 mL → 2 × 30 mL bottles
- 12 weeks (77 vials): 77 mL → 3 × 30 mL bottles
- 12 weeks (105 vials, advanced): 105 mL → 4 × 30 mL bottles
-
Alcohol Swabs: One for the vial stopper + one for the injection site each day.
- Per week: 14 swabs (2/day)
- 8 weeks: 112 swabs → recommend 2 × 100‑count boxes
- 12 weeks: 168 swabs → recommend 2 × 100‑count boxes
Calculate a phased quantity
Enter each finite phase from the schedule you are studying. Open-ended phases need an explicit duration. Calculation uses 10 mg per vial and 1 mL per vial.
Complete each phase to calculate totals.
Quantity estimates exclude preparation losses and expiry. Follow the formulation’s handling and disposal requirements.
FOLLOW THE EVIDENCE
References & further reading
Original publications and source documents cited across this product’s variants. A listed source is not an independent endorsement of a dosing schedule.
- 02
Public health resource
British Journal of Pharmacology (PMC) — Cardiolipin‑binding mechanism and mitochondrial membrane stabilization by SS‑31 (opens in a new tab)www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Back to overview ↑ - 07
Public health resource
Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (PMC) — SS‑31 reduces oxidative stress and improves mitochondrial bioenergetics (opens in a new tab)www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Back to overview ↑ - 09
Public health resource
Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases (PMC) — Barth syndrome: clinical presentation, diagnosis, and emerging therapies (opens in a new tab)www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Back to overview ↑ - 11
Source document
Johns Hopkins Arthritis Center — Patient guide: how to give a subcutaneous injection (step‑by‑step instructions) (opens in a new tab)www.hopkinsarthritis.org
Back to overview ↑ - 12
Public health resource
NCBI Bookshelf (StatPearls) — Best practices for injection: aseptic technique, preparation, and administration (opens in a new tab)www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Back to overview ↑
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Related topics are not interchangeable compounds or formulations.